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Artist: Hong Seong-dam

Year: 2014

Date of Action: August, 2014

Region: Asia

Location: Gwangju Biennale, Gwangju, South Korea

Subject: Political/Economic/Social Opinion

Medium: Painting

Confronting Bodies: City government of Gwangju, South Korea

Description of Artwork: A 32-foot-wide painting, which portrays, among other elements, Korean president Park Geun-hye as a maniacal scarecrow facing off against angered parents of children who died in the sinking of the MV Sewol ferry in April, 2014, a national tragedy that has had huge political repercussions. Park is being held back by former president Park Chung-hee (her late father), and her chief of staff Kim Ki-choon.

The Incident: The Biennale Foundation initially claimed that the work’s exclusion from the exhibition had nothing to do with politics and was purely logistical—Hong simply submitted the work late. But it was later revealed that the decision to withhold the painting from the 20th anniversary exhibition was in fact prompted by the city of Gwangju, which sponsors the exhibition to the tune of $2.4 million for this year’s Biennale. The city government had asked that Hong change the painting.

Results of Incident: In response to the censorship of Hong’s work, other artists featured in “Sweet Dew” removed their works from the exhibition and its curator, Yun Beom-mo, resigned. The president of the Gwangju Biennale Foundation, Lee Yong-woo, also resigned. The case has provoked international protests and has been covered widely.

Source:
• http://news.artnet.com/art-world/gwangju-biennale-president-resigns-over-censorship-82587

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-Please add the case description between the two <nowiki><onlyinclude> </onlyinclude></nowiki> tags. The content (description) shown below will be shown on [[Main Page]].
+Please add the case description between the two <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> tags. The content (description) shown below will be shown on [[Main Page]].
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 <onlyinclude>
-====Date: [[:Category:1868|1868]] [[:Category:1870|1870]] [[:Category:1871|1871]]====
+{{Display censorship incident
+|ongoing=no
-====Region: [[:Category:Europe|Europe]]====
+|year=2014
+|region=Asia
-====Subject: [[:Category:Religious|Religious]] [[:Category:Explicit Sexuality|Explicit Sexuality]]====
+|artist=Hong Seong-dam
+|subject=Political/Economic/Social Opinion
-====Medium: [[:Category:Literature|Literature]]====
+|confronting_bodies=City government of Gwangju, South Korea
-----
+|medium=Painting
-[[File:Confessional.jpg|thumb|link=The_Confessional_Unmasked]]
+|date_of_action=August, 2014
-'''Artist:''' The Protestant Electoral Union
+|location=Gwangju Biennale, Gwangju, South Korea
+|description_of_content=A 32-foot-wide painting, which portrays, among other elements, Korean president Park Geun-hye as a maniacal scarecrow facing off against angered parents of children who died in the sinking of the MV Sewol ferry in April, 2014, a national tragedy that has had huge political repercussions. Park is being held back by former president Park Chung-hee (her late father), and her chief of staff Kim Ki-choon.
-'''Confronting Bodies:''' The British government, the Roman Catholic Church
+|description_of_incident=The Biennale Foundation initially claimed that the work’s exclusion from the exhibition had nothing to do with politics and was purely logistical—Hong simply submitted the work late. But it was later revealed that the decision to withhold the painting from the 20th anniversary exhibition was in fact prompted by the city of Gwangju, which sponsors the exhibition to the tune of $2.4 million for this year’s Biennale. The city government had asked that Hong change the painting.
+|description_of_result=In response to the censorship of Hong’s work, other artists featured in “Sweet Dew” removed their works from the exhibition and its  curator, Yun Beom-mo, resigned. The president of the Gwangju Biennale Foundation, Lee Yong-woo, also resigned. The case has provoked international protests and has been covered widely.
-'''Dates of Action:''' 1868, 1870, 1871
+|image=park1.jpg
+|source=http://news.artnet.com/art-world/gwangju-biennale-president-resigns-over-censorship-82587
-'''Location:''' Great Britain
+}}
-'''Description of Artwork:''' The Confessional Unmasked was a pamphlet put out by the Protestant Electoral Union with the purpose of exposing the immorality of the practice of hearing confessions. The pamphlet was made up of the works of various Catholic theologians and contained descriptions of sexual concerns women confessed to priests.
-'''The Incident:''' The Obscene Publications Act of 1857 gave the police of England and Wales the power to seize material they believed to be obscene and to get permission for the destruction of these materials from magistrates. The Confessional Unmasked was seized under this law but an appeal was made by the recorder, Benjamin Hicklin on the grounds that it was not intentionally obscene, that its intentions were to unmask immorality, and that only parts of the book were obscene. The court, however, upheld the order for destruction of the pamphlet. Out of this case came an important definition of obscenity made by Justice Cockburn who said "I think the test of obscenity is this, whether the tendency of the matter charged as obscenity is to deprave and corrupt those whose minds are open to immoral influences, and into hands a publication of this sort may fall." This definition, though unclear, was adopted not only in England but in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and India. The order for destruction did not stop people from selling The Confessional Unmasked and in 1870 a lecturer employed by the Protestant Union, George Mackay, was prosecuted for selling the pamphlet. The Union then went on to publish A Report Of The Trial of George Mackay with a new issue of The Confessional Unmasked included. These were seized and destroyed in 1871 by police.
-'''Results of Incident:''' It is not known whether the pamphlet continued to circulate after their seizure in 1871, but the court decision that originally ordered the pamphlet's destruction came to be known as the "Hicklin Rule" and had lasting importance.
-'''Source:''' Censorship: A World Encyclopedia
-__NOTOC__
-__NOEDITSECTION__