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{{Display censorship incident
====Date: [[:Category:2012 | 2012]] ====
|ongoing=no
 
|year=2014
====Region: [[:Category:North America| North America]]====
|region=North America
 
|artist=Chelsea Handler
====Subject: [[:Category:Explicit Sexuality | Explicit Sexuality]]====
|subject=Nudity
 
|confronting_bodies=Instagram
====Medium: [[:Internet Literature | Internet Literature]]====
|medium=Internet, Photography, Public Speech
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|date_of_action=October 30, 2014
[[File:Paypal.gif|right]]
|description_of_content=In a photo she uploaded to her Instagram page, comedian Chelsea Handler is photographed on a horse topless, with full exposure of her breasts, wearing only her jeans and a helmet. She posted this photo alongside a similar photograph of Russian president Vladimir Putin in which he is horseback and topless as well. The photograph was captioned "anything a man can do, a woman has the right to do better. #kremlin".
'''Artist:''' Online publishers and booksellers (including Smashwords, BookStrand, eXcessica)
|description_of_incident=The photo was removed almost immediately from the social media site, but left Handler's Instagram account in tact. Instagram claims the photo posted by Handler was in violation of their community guidelines which state "accounts found sharing nudity or mature content will be disabled".
 
|description_of_result=Following the deletion of her post, Handler posted a follow up photo of her violation notification from Instagram. The screenshot was captioned "If a man posts a photo of his nipples, its okay, but not a woman? Are we in 1825?". She later re-posted the initial photo of her on horseback that was taken down with the caption, "If Instagram takes this down you are saying that Vladimir Putin had more first amendment rights than me". That post was then shortly deleted by Instagram.
'''Confronting Bodies:''' PayPal
|image=Handler.jpg
 
}}
'''Dates of Action:''' February - March 2012
 
'''Location:''' United States (with worldwide implications)
 
'''Description of Artwork:''' The online publishers and booksellers targeted by PayPal offer erotica for purchase, using PayPal's now-ubiquitous online payment system. While each site already had its own guidelines for what content is permissible in authors' erotica works, PayPal was dissatisfied with particular subjects that are popular in these pieces.
 
'''The Incident:''' PayPal contacted a variety of online publishers of erotica, notifying them that the company is altering its Terms of Services to outlaw any works containing bestiality, rape, underage erotica and/or incest. PayPal only gave these websites a few days to remove erotica containing instances of these topics, and simultaneously threatened to deactivate the sites' PayPal services if they did not immediately comply.  
 
'''Results of Incident:''' The National Coalition Against Censorship (NCAC) and the American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression (ABFFE) sent a letter to both PayPal and eBay, expressing concern for the possible chilling effects that such regulation can have. Freedom of speech on the Internet is in jeopardy in this case. So far, the letter has been signed by about a dozen other organizations in favor of preserving freedom on the Internet, and the NCAC and the ABFFE urge others to sign the letter and contact PayPal to express their disapproval.
March 8 update: PayPal Director of Communications Anuj Nayar posted a response on PayPal's blog, defending the company's decision by writing that "material focused on rape, incest or bestiality... often includes images." Though he explicitly states that "PayPal is a payments company. The right to use PayPal’s service is not the same as the right to speak," he also says that "PayPal is a strong and consistent supporter of openness on the Internet, freedom of expression, independent publishing and eBook marketplaces."
 
'''Source:''' [http://ncac.org/Tell-PayPal-Dont-Censor-Books NCAC] [https://www.smashwords.com/press/release/27 Smashwords] [https://www.thepaypalblog.com/2012/03/paypals-acceptable-use-policy-on-sale-of-certain-erotica/ PayPal blog entry]
 
 
[[Category:2012]]
[[Category:20th century]]
[[Category:Explicit Sexuality]]
[[Category:United States]]
[[Category:Internet]]
[[Category:Literature]]
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