Stephen Bantu Biko, South African Political Activist: Difference between revisions

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====Date: [[:Category:1951 - 1975|1951 - 1975]] [[:Category:|]] [[:Category:|]]====
====Date: [[:Category:1960s - 1977|1960s - 1977]]====


====Region: [[:Category:Africa|Africa]]====


====Subject: [[:Category:Political/Economic/Social Opinion|Political/Economic/Social Opinion]]====


====Region: [[:Category:Africa|Africa]] [[:Category:|]] [[:Category:|{location3}]]====
====Medium: [[:Category:Public Art|Public Art]]====
 
 
 
====Subject: [[:Category:Political/Economic/Social Opinion|Political/Economic/Social Opinion]] [[:Category:|]] [[:Category:|]]====
 
 
 
====Medium: [[:Category:Public Art|Public Art]] [[:Category:Personal Opinion|Personal Opinion]] [[:Category:|]]====
 
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[[File:Biko.jpg|right]]
'''Artist:''' Steve Bantu Biko
'''Artist:''' Stephen Bantu Biko (1946 - 1977)
 
 


'''Confronting Bodies:''' South African government
'''Confronting Bodies:''' South African government


'''Dates of Action:''' 1960s through 1977
'''Dates of Action:''' 1960s through 1977


'''Location:''' South Africa
'''Location:''' South Africa


'''Description of Artwork:''' Biko was a pioneer in the South African black power movement.  He edited ''Black Viewpoint'', and wrote numerous articles to encourage black liberation.  Biko was also a founding member of the Black Conciousness Movement (BCM) and the South African Students Organization. <P>


'''The Incident:''' The BCM began in the 1960s after the government banned all progressive organizations.  Biko himself was forbidden from publishing and organizing black community programs.  The censor did not stop him from editing ''Black Review'', by listing a man named Ben Khoapa as the editor. He was banned by the apartheid regime in February 1973, meaning that he was not allowed to speak to more than one person at a time nor to speak in public, was restricted to the King William's Town magisterial district (his home area), and could not write publicly or speak with the media.  Biko violated the ban by returning to Cape Town in 1977.  He was arrested, tortured and died in police custody. <P>


'''Description of Artwork:''' Biko was a pioneer in the South African black power movement.  He edited "Black Viewpoint," and wrote numerous articles to encourage black liberation.  Biko was also a founding member of the Black Conciousness Movement (BCM) and the South African Students Organization. <P>
'''Results of Incident:''' BCM literature and activists were banned and detained following Biko's death.  The five police officers responsible for his interrogation and death were denied amnesty by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in 1997.  In 2003 the South African Justice Ministry announced that the five policemen accused of killing Biko would not be prosecuted because there was insufficient evidence and because the time limit for prosecution had elapsed. <P>
 
 
 
'''The Incident:''' The BCM began in the 1960s after the government banned all progressive organizations.  Biko himself was forbidden from publishing and organizing black community programs.  The censor did not stop him from editing "Black Review," by listing a man named Ben Khoapa as the editor.  Biko broke the law under the 90-day detention law by returning to Cape Town in 1977.  He was arrested, tortured and died in police custody. <P>
 
 
 
'''Results of Incident:''' BCM literature and activists were banned and detained following Biko's death.  The police were not charged with criminal negligence.   <P>
 
 


'''Source:''' Censorship, A World Encyclopedia, ed. D. Jones
'''Source:''' Censorship, A World Encyclopedia, ed. D. Jones; Wikipedia


[[Category:1960s - 1977]]


[[Category:1960s]]


[[Category:1951 - 1975]]
[[Category:1970s]]


[[Category:]]
[[Category:20th century]]
 
[[Category:]]


[[Category:Africa]]
[[Category:Africa]]
[[Category:]]
[[Category:]]


[[Category:Political/Economic/Social Opinion]]
[[Category:Political/Economic/Social Opinion]]
[[Category:]]
[[Category:]]


[[Category:Public Art]]
[[Category:Public Art]]


[[Category:Personal Opinion]]
[[Category:Stephen Bantu Biko]]
 
[[Category:]]
 
[[Category:Steve Bantu Biko]]
 


{{DEFAULTSORT:Biko, Stephen Bantu, South African Political Activist}}


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Latest revision as of 19:21, 9 November 2016

Date: 1960s - 1977

Region: Africa

Subject: Political/Economic/Social Opinion

Medium: Public Art


Biko.jpg

Artist: Stephen Bantu Biko (1946 - 1977)

Confronting Bodies: South African government

Dates of Action: 1960s through 1977

Location: South Africa

Description of Artwork: Biko was a pioneer in the South African black power movement. He edited Black Viewpoint, and wrote numerous articles to encourage black liberation. Biko was also a founding member of the Black Conciousness Movement (BCM) and the South African Students Organization.

The Incident: The BCM began in the 1960s after the government banned all progressive organizations. Biko himself was forbidden from publishing and organizing black community programs. The censor did not stop him from editing Black Review, by listing a man named Ben Khoapa as the editor. He was banned by the apartheid regime in February 1973, meaning that he was not allowed to speak to more than one person at a time nor to speak in public, was restricted to the King William's Town magisterial district (his home area), and could not write publicly or speak with the media. Biko violated the ban by returning to Cape Town in 1977. He was arrested, tortured and died in police custody.

Results of Incident: BCM literature and activists were banned and detained following Biko's death. The five police officers responsible for his interrogation and death were denied amnesty by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in 1997. In 2003 the South African Justice Ministry announced that the five policemen accused of killing Biko would not be prosecuted because there was insufficient evidence and because the time limit for prosecution had elapsed.

Source: Censorship, A World Encyclopedia, ed. D. Jones; Wikipedia